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mosque

Morocco

Michael A. Toler

https://admin.archnet.org/rails/active_storage/blobs/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBeTVmQWc9PSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--91977bcc38927263f59af732c27775e8fde33976/IMG_0316.jpg

digital photograph

IMG_0316.jpg

Mosquée Chouhada

https://admin.archnet.org/rails/active_storage/blobs/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBeTFmQWc9PSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--62fba16609aadfd209816a39e868c61b9ecb31e0/IMG_0317.jpg

IMG_0317.jpg

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IMG_0319.jpg

Ashohada Mosque

مسجد الشهداء

Mosque of the Martyrs

Alternate names: ʿAlawī or Filālī S̲h̲arīfs&nbsp;<div>Approximate dates:1631-present</div><div>Territory: Current rulers of the Kingdom of Morocco, their territory has occasionally extended beyond and limited to portions of the contemporary boundaries&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Rulers:&nbsp;</div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/8245">Mawlay al-Sharif</a>&nbsp;(founder,&nbsp;r. 1631-1636/1041-1045 AH)</div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2721">Mawlay Ismail Ibn Sharif</a>&nbsp;(r. 1672-1727/1083-1139 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2723">Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Abdallah al-Khatib</a>&nbsp;(r. 1757-1790/1170-1204 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2626">Moulay Sulayman</a>&nbsp;(r. 1792-1822/1206-1238 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2731">Mohamed V</a>&nbsp;(r. 1927-1961/1327-1380 AH)<br></div><div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2656">Hassan II</a>&nbsp;(r. 1961-1999/1380-1420 AH)</div></div><div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2733">Mohammed VI</a>&nbsp;(r. 1999-present /1420 AH- present)</div></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>

Alawi

<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; The Sa'di and Alawi Dynasties trace their lineage back to the Prophet Muhammad through Ali and Fatima. The Sa’adi dynasty first comes to prominence as a militant religious movement opposing the Portuguese presence in Agadir on the southern coast of Morocco, and the Wattasid dynasty, an offshoot of the&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/timelines/48/period/Marinid/year/1310">Maranids</a>, that had resigned itself to a policy of coexistence with Europeans in the Maghreb.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;They first occupied&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3820">Marrakech</a>&nbsp;in 1525/931 AH, and by 1550/957 AH had taken&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3657">Fes</a>&nbsp;from the Wattasids. The Sa’dis then consolidated their control over what is today the modern state of Morocco, and defended the territory against&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/timelines/48/period/Ottoman/year/1339">Ottoman</a>&nbsp;conquest.&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2615">Ahmad al-Mansur</a>&nbsp;(1578–1603/986-1011 AH) expanded the dynasty’s territory to its greatest extent by conquering the West African state of Songhai in present-day Mali. After his death the kingdom broke into principalities, and there was a marked rise in piracy along the coastline.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The territory was once again reunited by the Alawites, the dynasty that currently rules the kingdom of Morocco. The founder of the dynasty, Mawlay al-Rashid, mobilized Arab tribes against the powerful Berber principality of the Dila marabouts in the Middle Atlas and northern Morocco. He was succeeded by his half brother,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2721">Mawlay Ismail</a>, who used a professional army, drawn from the descendants of the many sub-Saharan Africans brought back to Morocco after the conquest of Songhai. He made the city of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3828">Meknes&nbsp;</a>his capital, thus pushing this small town into the foreground of Morocco’s architectural history. His death caused a 50 year period of instability and conflict, due to struggles over succession between his sons, who are said to have numbered around 500, and the intrigues and split loyalties of his army officers.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Recovery began during the reign of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2723">Sultan&nbsp;</a><a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2723">Muhammad ibn Abd Allah</a>&nbsp;(Muhammad III, 1757–90) and&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2626">Sultan Mawlay Sulayman&nbsp;</a>(1792–1822/1206-1237 AH) who took steps to solidify central control of the government and to assert Maliki orthodoxy over maraboutic influence. Some of the most important measures he took were the foundation of the port of&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/3648">Essaouira</a>&nbsp;in 1767/1181 AH to place the foreign trade under government control and the development of patronage networks. Nonetheless, increasing dependence on foreign trade made the state vulnerable to foreign intervention and opened the doors for European meddling in the kingdom’s internal affairs.</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From 1912/1330 AH to 1956/1375 AH Morocco came under protectorate status.  The Spanish occupied the northern territories along the Mediterranean coastline, thus reinforcing their existing presence in the enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, while the French controlled the rest of the country. The sultans Mulay Youssef (1912 – 1927/1330-1345 AH) and Muhammad V (1927 – 1961/1345-1380 AH) maintained figurehead status, while real power was held by the French colonial administration.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In 1946&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2731">Muhammad V</a>&nbsp;broke ranks with the French colonial powers and assumed leadership of the nationalist movement that sought independence. &nbsp;Since 1956, independent Morocco has continued to be governed by the Alawite dynasty. The present sultan,&nbsp;<a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2733">Muhammad VI</a>, assumed power in 1999/1420 AH upon the death of his father&nbsp;<a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2656">Hassan II</a>.</p><p>Michael A. Toler</p><p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sa'adi Patrons on Archnet&nbsp;</span></p><div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/7211">Muhammad al-Shaykh Sâadi</a>&nbsp;(r.&nbsp; ca. 1517–1549/951-956 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2616">Sultan Sidi Abdallah al-Ghalib</a>&nbsp;(r. 1557-1574/ 965-982 AH)</div></div><div><a href="http://archnet.org/authorities/2615">Ahmad al-Mansur Dahbi</a>&nbsp;(r. 1578-1603 / 968-1012 AH)</div><div><br></div><div><span style="font-weight: bold;">Alawi Patrons on Archnet:</span></div><div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/8245">Mawlay al-Sharif</a>&nbsp;(founder,&nbsp;r. 1631-1636/1041-1045 AH)</div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2721">Mawlay Ismail Ibn Sharif</a>&nbsp;(r. 1672-1727/1083-1139 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2723">Sidi Muhammad ibn 'Abdallah al-Khatib</a>&nbsp;(r. 1757-1790/1170-1204 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2626">Moulay Sulayman</a>&nbsp;(r. 1792-1822/1206-1238 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2731">Mohamed V</a>&nbsp;(r. 1927-1961/1327-1380 AH)<br></div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2656">Hassan II</a>&nbsp;(r. 1961-1999/1380-1420 AH)</div><div><a href="https://archnet.org/authorities/2733">Mohammed VI</a>&nbsp;(r. 1999-present /1420 AH- present)</div></div><p></p><div><p></p></div>

Mosquée ChouhadaRabat, Morocco

Mosquée Chouhada
Rabat, Morocco