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Bibliography (URL)

Bibliography (Text)

Author Information

Century

Source Details

Garden Catalogue

Original Number

Title

 Babur, Mughal Emperor of India

emperor

garden

Pakistan

Takht-e-Babri

https://admin.archnet.org/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBK2g4QWc9PSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--5b87321f22f77b3b63930206ebad4321255b1d8f/Takht-e-Babri6.jpeg

digital photograph

Takht-e Barbri

Mughal Gardens: MEGT

<blockquote>During his first campaign in 1519, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/2640" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Babur</a> crossed the Indus river and was struck by the beauty of the Kallar Kahar lake and the Salt Range in the background. The site lies 20 miles (ten kos) north of Bhera and five miles from Malot. It enjoys a good climate, hills, a large lake, peacocks and an abundance of locat trees. Babur described it as a very charming place with good air. He laid out the Bagh-e Safa on the southwest side of the lake. Traces of this garden still exist, including a rock-cut platform (Takht-i Baburi) approached by steps, which was used for sitting.</blockquote><blockquote>Source: Court Chronicle, 16th century</blockquote> -<a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10275" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Abdul Rehman</a>, <a href="https://www.archnet.org/authorities/10256" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Munazzah Akhtar</a> Source:The Baburnama: Memoirs of Babur, Prince and Emperor&nbsp;<a href="https://www.zotero.org/groups/4419435/items/MTGGVSUK" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">(Open in Zotero)</a> Originally published at: Rehman, Abdul, and Munazzah Akhtar. “Bagh-e Safa.” Middle East Garden Traditions. Dumbarton Oaks, November 18, 2014. https://www.doaks.org/resources/middle-east-garden-traditions/catalogue#b_start=0&amp;c6=Mughal+Gardens. Archived at:&nbsp;https://perma.cc/9W6B-6FJT

Dates of attested life: 1519- 16th century

Date of entry of information: August 2007

gardens

Dumbarton Oaks MEGT Record

https://admin.archnet.org/rails/active_storage/blobs/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsibWVzc2FnZSI6IkJBaHBBK2w4QWc9PSIsImV4cCI6bnVsbCwicHVyIjoiYmxvYl9pZCJ9fQ==--d24ba8e4ebcf62d2e33d02e650757a1e60ccaf32/Takht-e-Babri5.jpeg

Takht-e-Babri5.jpeg

Bagh-e Safa (MEGT)

Transliterated

Bagh-e Safa 

See <a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/2370" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Timeline: Safavid</a> Dynasty of Kurdish origin which ruled Iran during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries/eleventh and twelve centuries AH &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Although the founder of the dynasty was probably a Sunni, the Safavids later became Shi'a and adopted this as a state religion. Little remains of the early architecture of the Safavids who established capitals first at Tabriz and later at Qazvin. The little that does survive indicates that they continued the architectural forms established by their predecessors the Timurids. Thus the Safavids continued to use the complex vaulting forms, with networks of arches, squinches and pendentives, developed under the Timurids. An early example of a Safavid building is the tomb of Harun-i Vilayat which although Timurid in form has an emphasis on exterior tile decoration. This was a feature which was developed in later Saffavid architecture where the architectural form seems to be subordinated to the tile patterns. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The most productive period of Safavid architecture began in 1598/1006 AH with Shah Tahmasp's decision to redesign Isfahan as an imperial capital. The centre of the new developments was the Maidan-i-Shah which is a rectangular square or park around which was built the palace, the principal mosques and the principal bazar of the city. The main characteristics of this architecture was the layout and planning with the mosques built at a deliberate angle to the maidan to show off both their monumental portals (pishtaq iwans) and their glazed domes. Similarly the main gate of the palace, the Ali Qapu, was made into a pavilion overlooking the Maidan-i-Shah from which the shah's palace could be seen. The emphasis on accessibility is also demonstrated in the tomb complexes, where the outside faces are pierced with arches instead of forbidding walls. This is also seen on utilitarian structures such as the famous Pol-i-Khaju bridge built in 1650/1059 AH. This bridge, which links Isfahan to the southern palace, is 110 m long and has two tiers of arcades which provide shelter from the summer heat. Another characteristic of the architecture is the use of lighter materials such as wood, stucco, paint and tiles, and an increasing emphasis on gardens. However, this may appear to be a development simply because earlier structures of this type have not survived.&nbsp;Outside Isfahan buildings such as caravanserais are generally larger and plainer than their predecessors indicating the growth of commercial traffic. Petersen, Andrew.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.archnet.org/collections/126" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Dictionary of Islamic Architecture</a>.&nbsp;London and New York: Routledge, 1999.

Bagh-e Safa (MEGT)Kallar Kahar, Pakistan

Bagh-e Safa (MEGT)
Kallar Kahar, Pakistan