1959-62 Survey

Known as Bijai Mandir. Located in the northern outskirts of Begampur village. Grid ref. G-12

This group of buildings on a mound is reminiscent of a small fort and is mostly in ruins today. The main part in the south is an open area approximately 15 m high, and to its north, part of a large south-facing building with numerous rooms remains. On the west side of this building's rooftop, there is a watchtower-like structure with an octagonal plan whose outer walls are sharply slanted; the use of cut stone for the eight sides is striking. Inside, there is a room with a cross-shaped plan and entrances on four sides. In the four corners of the flat roof, there are red sandstone holes approximately 45 cm in diameter, but the purpose of these holes is not clear. In Hindi, the term "Bijai Mandir" means "a victory hall", but it is a popular name given in later times to refer to the buildings surrounding the watchtower.

To the north of the main area is an open space at a lower level, where there is a row of square stones with mortises that are clearly foundation stones; it can be imagined that this place was once a great hall with lined with pillars. To the northwest of the watchtower-like structure, there is a domed building with a square plan measuring about 16 m externally on a side; it has two open arches on each side except the east. ASI surmises that this building was either the residence or khānqā of a saint, but there is no conclusive evidence for this theory. There are also traces of various structures around this building, which are said to be the royal buildings of Delhi built by the Tughluq Dynasty Sulṯān Muḥammad Shāh. They were probably built in connection with the construction of Jahāṇpanāh Wall.

On the northern edge of the mound, beyond a graveyard, is a structure longer in the east-west direction. Today it has five rooms with arches opening to the north and south, as well as side rooms on the east and west ends; there were probably more arches originally to the east and west of the side rooms. The sharp slant of the wall and pillars on the north side of the building is distinctive. It can be surmised from its strong Tughluq Dynasty characteristics that this building was built around the same time as, and in connection with, Bijai Mandir, but it also has traces of repairs and alterations characteristic of the late Delhi Sultanate. ASI suggests that this building was the khānqā of a Lodī Dynasty saint, but it may also have turned into a place for religious activity at that time. Period II.

IOC: VIII-34; ASI: III-272,273,274

ビジャイ・マンディル(Bijai Mandir「勝利の寺」)として知られており,ベーガンプル部落の北のはずれにある。附図.G-12

小さな城砦を思わせるマウンドの上に立つ建物群で,現在では,一部をのぞいて,ほとんど廃墟となっている。南の主要部分は,高さ約15メートルの広場となっており,その北側に,南に面する,多数の部屋をもつ大きな建造物の一部がのこっている。その屋上の西側には,望楼風の八角平面の建物がのっているが,その外壁は,つよい傾斜をもっており,八角の稜に,切石を用いているのが印象的である。内部は,十字形の平面をもつ部屋になっており,四方に入口を開いている。その平坦な屋根の上には,直径約45センチメートルの,赤い砂岩の穴が四隅に穿たれているが,それがどのような目的に用いられたものかはよくわからない。ビジャイ・マンディルというのは,勝利の殿堂を意味するヒンディー語であるが,この望楼を中心とする建物に対して,後代に与えられた俗称である。

以上に述べてきた主要部分の北側は,一段と低い広場になっているが,そこには,ほぞ穴をもった,明らかに礎石と思われる方形の石が,列をなしてのこっている。おそらくはこの場所に,かつて,柱を連ねた大広間があったのかもしれない。さらに,上に述べた望楼風の建物の北西には,ドームをいただく,外辺約16メートルの四角平面の建物があり,東をのぞく三方は,それぞれ二つのアーチを開いている。ASIは,この建物を,聖者の住居あるいはハーンカーとする推測について記しているが,それについては,なんら積極的な証拠はない。なお,この建物の周辺には,さまざまな建造物の痕跡が認められる。これらの建物群は,トゥグルク朝のスルターン・ムハンマド・シャーが,デリーの宮廷として建造したものといわれている。おそらく,ジャハーンパナーの城壁の建設と関連して,建てられたものであろう。

なお,これらの建物群の立っているマウンドの北端に,墓地をへだてて,東西に長い建造物がのこっている。この建物は,現在では,南と北とにアーチを開く五つの間と,東西両端の側室とからなる部分をのこしている。しかし,本来は,これらの側室の東西にも,さらに,アーチが連なっていたものと思われる。この建物の北面の柱や壁面が,つよい傾斜をもっているのが特徴的である。この建物に,トゥグルク朝時代の特徴がつよくうかがわれることからみれば,本来は,ビジャイ・マンディルと同時代に,関連をもって建てられたものと推定される。しかし,この建物には,デリー諸王朝時代後期の特徴を示す補修・改築のあとも認められる。ASIは,これを,ローディー朝の聖者のハーンカーであるとする推測について記しているが,あるいは,この時代になって,宗教活動に利用されるようになったのかもしれない。第Ⅱ期。

東研.Ⅷ-34;ASI.Ⅲ-272,273,274

2015-18 Survey

This complex is managed by ASI but except for the buildings, it is neglected and overgrown with weeds. It is located north of M4 and its west wall lies on the same axis as the M4 qibla wall, showing clearly that it is somehow related to M4. The M4 zenana projects out to the north. The section located in Bigampur village was formerly a palace area that connected with the large mosque.

The site is quite large and in a rectangular shape longer in the north-south direction. It can be divided into the lower-level, north rectangle (90m north-south by 60m east-west) and the higher-level, south rectangle (70m square). The south rectangle can be further divided into the south courtyard (50m east-west by 35m north-south), and the grounds of a two-story building in the north (measuring 70m east-west by 35m north-south, whose east half is now in ruins). On the latter site, a domed structure supported by walls projects out from the center of the west side.

[現状]考古局が管理し、建物以外の部分は草が茂り、放置されたままである。

[宮殿建築]M4の北に位置し、O6西壁はM4のキブラ壁と同一線上にのり、M4と関連性は明らかである。M4ザナナ部分は北に突出し、Bigampur集落部分は、大モスクと連結する宮殿地域であった。

遺構の範囲はかなり広く、南北に長い矩形で、一段低い北の矩形(南北90m東西60m)と、高い南の矩形(70m四方)に分けられる。南の矩形は、さらに南の中庭(東西50m南北35m)、北に2階建物の敷地(東西70m南北35m、現在東半分は崩壊)に分けられる。後者の敷地西辺中央に壁式ドーム建築が突出する。

[壁式ドーム建築]東を閉じ、3方に2箇所ずつアーチを開ける。内径9.5mの大ドームで、内部ではスクインチ・アーチで8角形を導き、持送で円とし、ドーム下部四方に小開口部をもつ。外観には16角形ドラムを立上げ、頂部飾をまわし、ドームに16条の放射線を描く。ドラムはドーム下部周に突出部を設ける特殊な形態をもつ。西から北にかけて基壇部には、厚さの異なる東西に走る壁体を数本、上部に矩形礎石を確認できるので、西側に部屋があったのかもしれない。基壇内の空間が何のために用いられたのかは不明である。

[2階建物] 隅切矩形の2階を要に１階はL字型平面をなす。西は開口部のない壁面とする。1階には、切石柱の上にクロス・ヴォールトをのせる部屋や、周囲に太いピアをもつ部屋などがある。2階へは南西隅からアクセスし、2階は外側が隅切り正方形、内側が十字形の部屋とする。Anthony Welch論文には、ドームをいただく建物とともに平面図が掲載される。

[北の矩形] 最北端に北壁と列柱廊が残り、広大な中庭があったと推察される。東西に長い列柱廊は、宮殿機能を失った後に墓地となり、内部北側にG71がある。Monuments of Delhiでは5ベイで東西に小室を備え東西28m南北6.6m。

(Paragraphs 2nd to 4th from the 2015-18 Survey translated with Google Translate)

[Walled dome building] Closed on the east, with two arches on each of the three sides. It is a large dome with an inner diameter of 9.5m, and inside it is an octagonal shape with squinch arches, a circle with corbels, and small openings on all four sides of the bottom of the dome. On the outside, a 16-sided drum is raised, with a top ornament around it, and 16 radial lines are drawn around the dome. The drum has a unique shape with a protruding part around the bottom of the dome. From the west to the north, several walls of different thicknesses running east to west can be seen on the base, and a rectangular foundation stone can be seen on the top, so there may have been a room on the west side. It is unclear what the space in the base was used for.

[Two-story building] The first floor is L-shaped, with the second floor being the key, with a rectangular corner cut. The west wall has no openings. On the first floor, there is a room with a cross vault on cut stone pillars and a room with thick piers around it. The second floor is accessed from the southwest corner, and the second floor is a room with a square corner cut on the outside and a cross-shaped room on the inside. Anthony Welch's paper will include a plan of the building with the dome on top.

[Northern Rectangle] At the northernmost end, the north wall and colonnade remain, and it is assumed that there was a vast courtyard. The colonnade, which runs east to west, became a cemetery after it lost its function as a palace, and G71 is located on the northern side of the interior. According to the Monuments of Delhi, it has five bays, with small rooms on both the east and west sides, and is 28m east to west and 6.6m north to south.

Map Reference: Grid ref. G-12

IOC Reference: O06, Ⅷ-34

ASI Reference: Ⅲ-272,273,274

Archived IOC Site Record: https://perma.cc/38SR-FHXJ

Mission Credit Line : Mission for Indian History and Archaeology, University of Tokyo, in 1959-60 , 1961-62: the Resurvey of the Delhi Monuments, Research and Information Center for Asian Studies, Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia, University of Tokyo in 2015-18.