The Athdara Pavilion in the Lahore Fort is a key features of the Shah Burj forecourt that reflect layers of Mughal and Sikh architectural histories. Originally a Mughal-era space arranged in a carefully designed axial layout, the Shah Burj forecourt underwent significant changes during Sikh rule. The Athdara, meaning “Eight Openings,” is a rectangular marble pavilion resting on a red sandstone platform, marked by five eastern and three southern cusped arches. Though once thought to be a Sikh construction, recent research has revealed that the Athdara was likely a Sikh period modification of an earlier Mughal pavilion, originally with three arches facing east.

The Pavilion, situated between the Sheesh Mahal and Kala Burj, is believed to have replaced a more delicate Mughal railing and water garden layout that once occupied the forecourt. Modifications made during the Sikh era included extending the Pavilion and building a dividing wall between the upper and lower courtyards. The nearby hammam or

bath, was adapted from a northern loggia adjacent to the Naulakha Pavilion by expanding it outward into the forecourt. This loggia was likely a symmetrical counterpart to another now-vanished pavilion on the south, suggesting the original Mughal layout was more balanced than what survives today.

In addition to its architectural details, the Athdara features painted decorations, including faded frescoes of Hindu deities like Krishna on its interior and exterior niches. The painting technique is distinct, as the artwork is executed directly on marble surfaces. The paintings employ blue, green, gold, and maroon pigments, likely belonging to the late Kangra school,

though many are damaged due to water seepage and environmental exposure.

The Athdara Pavilion underwent significant conservation interventions that began with extensive architectural analysis to guide the restoration process. This was followed by the cleaning of fresco panels and the restoration of decorative plasterwork. To stabilize the lower chamber, wooden rafters were installed, and deteriorated wooden elements in the roof were replaced with new Deodar wood rafters. Conservation work also included the replacement of damaged sandstone slabs on the platform and the restoration of stone carvings on the front elevation. Later additions, such as a false ceiling, were removed and replaced with a restored historic ceiling featuring original floral patterns. Additionally, a staircase is being installed to improve access and proper measures are being taken to illuminate the site.